HIV Incidence in Rural South Africa

• Verfasst von: Bärnighausen, Till [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Wallrauch-Schwarz, Claudia [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: McWalter, Thomas A. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Tanser, Frank [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Newell, Marie-Louise [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: HIV Incidence in Rural South Africa
• Titelzusatz: Comparison of Estimates from Longitudinal Surveillance and Cross-Sectional cBED Assay Testing
• Verf.angabe: Till Bärnighausen, Claudia Wallrauch, Alex Welte, Thomas A. McWalter, Nhlanhla Mbizana, Johannes Viljoen, Natalie Graham, Frank Tanser, Adrian Puren, Marie-Louise Newell
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 04.08.2017
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Public Library of Science: PLoS one
• Jahr Quelle: 2008
• Band/Heft Quelle: 3(2008,11) Artikel-Nummer e3640, 8 Seiten
• ISSN Quelle: 1932-6203
• DOI: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003640
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• K10plus-PPN: 1561731323

Abstract

Background The BED IgG-Capture Enzyme Immunoassay (cBED assay), a test of recent HIV infection, has been used to estimate HIV incidence in cross-sectional HIV surveys. However, there has been concern that the assay overestimates HIV incidence to an unknown extent because it falsely classifies some individuals with non-recent HIV infections as recently infected. We used data from a longitudinal HIV surveillance in rural South Africa to measure the fraction of people with non-recent HIV infection who are falsely classified as recently HIV-infected by the cBED assay (the long-term false-positive ratio (FPR)) and compared cBED assay-based HIV incidence estimates to longitudinally measured HIV incidence. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured the long-term FPR in individuals with two positive HIV tests (in the HIV surveillance, 2003-2006) more than 306 days apart (sample size n = 1,065). We implemented four different formulae to calculate HIV incidence using cBED assay testing (n = 11,755) and obtained confidence intervals (CIs) by directly calculating the central 95th percentile of incidence values. We observed 4,869 individuals over 7,685 person-years for longitudinal HIV incidence estimation. The long-term FPR was 0.0169 (95% CI 0.0100-0.0266). Using this FPR, the cross-sectional cBED-based HIV incidence estimates (per 100 people per year) varied between 3.03 (95% CI 2.44-3.63) and 3.19 (95% CI 2.57-3.82), depending on the incidence formula. Using a long-term FPR of 0.0560 based on previous studies, HIV incidence estimates varied between 0.65 (95% CI 0.00-1.32) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.00-1.43). The longitudinally measured HIV incidence was 3.09 per 100 people per year (95% CI 2.69-3.52), after adjustment to the sex-age distribution of the sample used in cBED assay-based estimation. Conclusions/Significance In a rural community in South Africa with high HIV prevalence, the long-term FPR of the cBED assay is substantially lower than previous estimates. The cBED assay performs well in HIV incidence estimation if the locally measured long-term FPR is used, but significantly underestimates incidence when a FPR estimate based on previous studies in other settings is used.