Comorbidity, family history and personality traits in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls

• Verfasst von: Mann, Karl [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Kiefer, Falk [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Comorbidity, family history and personality traits in pathological gamblers compared with healthy controls
• Verf.angabe: K. Mann, T. Lemenager, E. Zois, S. Hoffmann, H. Nakovics, M. Beutel, M. Vogelgesang, K. Wölfling, F. Kiefer, M. Fauth-Bühler
• Umfang: 9 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 30.04.2018
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: European psychiatry
• Jahr Quelle: 2017
• Band/Heft Quelle: 42(2017), S. 120-128
• ISSN Quelle: 1778-3585
• DOI: doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.12.002
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• K10plus-PPN: 1572475099

Abstract

Background: While DSM-5 classified pathological gambling as an addictive disorder, there is debate as to whether ICD-11 should follow suit. The debate hinges on scientific evidence such as neurobiological findings, family history of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric comorbidity, and personality variables. Methods: In the “Baden-Württemberg Study of Pathological Gambling”, we compared a group of 515 male pathological gamblers receiving treatment with 269 matched healthy controls. We studied differences in sociodemographic characteristics, gambling-related variables, psychiatric comorbidity (lifetime), family history of psychiatric conditions, as well as personality traits such as impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale), sensation seeking (Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale) and the NEO-FFI big five. Personality traits were validated in an age- and ethnicity-matched subsample of “pure” gamblers without any psychiatric comorbidity (including nicotine dependence). Data were analyzed using two-sample t-tests, Chi2 analyses, Fisher's exact test and Pearson correlation analysis, as appropriate. Bonferroni correction was applied to correct for multiple comparisons. Results: Only 1% of the gamblers had been diagnosed with an impulse control disorder other than gambling (ICD-10). Notably, 88% of the gamblers in our sample had a comorbid diagnosis of substance dependence. The highest axis I comorbidity rate was for nicotine dependence (80%), followed by alcohol dependence (28%). Early age of first gambling experience was correlated with gambling severity. Compared to first-degree relatives of controls, first-degree relatives of pathological gamblers were more likely to suffer from alcohol dependence (27.0% vs. 7.4%), pathological gambling (8.3% vs. 0.7%) and suicide attempts (2.7% vs. 0.4%). Significant group differences were observed for the NEO-FFI factors neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Gamblers were also more impulsive than controls, but did not differ from controls in terms of sensation seeking. Conclusions: Our findings support classifying pathological gambling as a behavioural addiction in the ICD-11. This decision will have a significant impact on the approaches available for prevention (e.g. age limits) and treatment.