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Verfasst von:Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin [VerfasserIn]   i
 Kleinböhl, Dieter [VerfasserIn]   i
 Hölzl, Rupert [VerfasserIn]   i
 Becker, Susanne [VerfasserIn]   i
Titel:Differential classical conditioning of the nocebo effect
Titelzusatz:increasing heat-pain perception without verbal suggestions
Verf.angabe:Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Dieter Kleinböhl, Rupert Hölzl and Susanne Becker
E-Jahr:2017
Jahr:13 December 2017
Umfang:12 S.
Fussnoten:Gesehen am 12.06.2018
Titel Quelle:Enthalten in: Frontiers in psychology
Ort Quelle:Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2010
Jahr Quelle:2017
Band/Heft Quelle:8(2017) Artikel-Nummer 2163, 12 Seiten
ISSN Quelle:1664-1078
Abstract:Background: Nocebo effects, including nocebo hyperalgesia, are a common phenomenon in clinical routine with manifold negative consequences. Both explicit expectations and learning by conditioning are known to induce nocebo effects, but the specific role of conditioning re-mains unclear, because conditioning is rarely implemented independent of verbal suggestions. Further, although pain is a multidimensional phenomenon, nocebo effects are usually assessed in subjective ratings only, neglecting, e.g., behavioral aspects. The aim of this study was to test whether nocebo hyperalgesia can be learned by conditioning without explicit expectations, to assess nocebo effects in different response channels, and to exploratively assess, whether contingency awareness is a necessary condition for conditioned nocebo hyperalgesia. Methods: Twenty-one healthy volunteers were classically conditioned using painful and non-painful heat stimuli that followed two different cues. The conditioned nocebo effect was as-sessed by subjective ratings of perceived stimulation intensity on a visual analogue scale and a behavioral discrimination task, assessing sensitization and habituation in response to the same stimulation following the two cues. Results: Results show a conditioned nocebo effect indicated by the subjective intensity ratings. Conditioned effects were also seen in the behavioral responses, but paradoxically, be-havioral responses indicated decreased perception after conditioning, but only for subjects successfully conditioned as indicated by the subjective ratings. Explorative analyses suggested that awareness of the contingencies and the different cues was not necessary for successful conditioning. Conclusions: Nocebo effects can be learned without inducing additional explicit expectations. The dissociation between the two response channels, possibly representing the condi-tioned and a compensatory response, highlights the importance of considering different out-comes in nocebo responses to fully understand underlying mechanisms. The present results challenge the role of explicit expectations in conditioned nocebo effects and are relevant with implications in clinical contexts, e.g., when transient adverse effects become conditioned.
DOI:doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02163
URL:Bitte beachten Sie: Dies ist ein Bibliographieeintrag. Ein Volltextzugriff für Mitglieder der Universität besteht hier nur, falls für die entsprechende Zeitschrift/den entsprechenden Sammelband ein Abonnement besteht oder es sich um einen OpenAccess-Titel handelt.

kostenfrei: Volltext: http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02163
 kostenfrei: Volltext: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02163/full
 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02163
Datenträger:Online-Ressource
Sprache:eng
Sach-SW:Awareness
 Behavioral Psychology
 Classical Conditioning
 heat-pain
 implicit learning
 Nocebo effect
K10plus-PPN:1576274551
Verknüpfungen:→ Zeitschrift

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