Shaping the human brain

• Verfasst von: Pruunsild, Priit [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bading, Hilmar [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Shaping the human brain
• Titelzusatz: evolutionary cis-regulatory plasticity drives changes in synaptic activity-controlled adaptive gene expression
• Verf.angabe: Priit Pruunsild, Hilmar Bading
• E-Jahr: 2019
• Jahr: 16 May 2019
• Umfang: 7 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 21.01.2020
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Current opinion in neurobiology
• Ort Quelle: Philadelphia, Pa. : Current Biology, 1991
• Jahr Quelle: 2019
• Band/Heft Quelle: 59(2019), Seite 34-40
• ISSN Quelle: 1873-6882
• DOI: doi:10.1016/j.conb.2019.04.003
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• K10plus-PPN: 1687920109

Abstract

Neuronal activity-induced gene expression programs involved in synaptic structure- and plasticity-related functions are similar in mice and humans, yet bear distinct features. These include gains or losses of activity-responsiveness of certain genes and differences in gene induction profiles. Here, we discuss a possible origin of dissimilarities in activity-regulated transcription between species. We highlight that while synapse-to-nucleus signalling pathways are evolutionarily conserved, cis-regulatory plasticity has been driving species-specific remodelling of the activity-controlled enhancer landscape, thereby affecting gene regulation. In particular, evolutionary rearrangements of transcription factor binding site placements together with potential species-dependent developmental stage- and/or cell type-specific epigenetic and other trans-acting mechanisms are most likely at least in part accountable for between-species diversity in activity-regulated transcription. It is conceivable that cis-regulatory plasticity may have equipped the synaptic activity-driven adaptive gene program in human neurons with unique, species-specific qualities.