High rate of HSV-1 reactivation in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients

• Verfasst von: Seeßle, Jessica [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Wenz, Theresa [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Schnitzler, Paul [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Gsenger, Julia [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Giese, Thomas [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Merle, Uta [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: High rate of HSV-1 reactivation in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients
• Titelzusatz: immunological findings
• Verf.angabe: Jessica Seeßle, Theresa Hippchen, Paul Schnitzler, Julia Gsenger, Thomas Giese, Uta Merle
• E-Jahr: 2021
• Jahr: July 1, 2021
• Umfang: 13 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 23.09.2021
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: PLOS ONE
• Ort Quelle: San Francisco, California, US : PLOS, 2006
• Jahr Quelle: 2021
• Band/Heft Quelle: 16(2021), 7, Artikel-ID e0254129, Seite 1-13
• ISSN Quelle: 1932-6203
• DOI: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0254129
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: Blood
• Sach-SW: COVID 19
• Sach-SW: Cytotoxic T cells
• Sach-SW: Genetic interference
• Sach-SW: Interferons
• Sach-SW: Respiratory infections
• Sach-SW: SARS CoV 2
• Sach-SW: Secretion
• K10plus-PPN: 1771742046

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with the need of invasive ventilation. Pulmonary herpes simplex-1 (HSV-1) reactivation in invasively ventilated patients is a known phenomenon. To date very little is known about the frequency and the predisposing factors of HSV-1 reactivation in COVID-19. Therefore, we evaluated our cohort of invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia for HSV-1 in respiratory specimens and combined these results with functional immunomonitoring of the peripheral blood. Tracheal secretions and bronchial lavages were screened by PCR for HSV-1 positivity. Comprehensive immunophenotyping and quantitative gene expression analysis of Interferon-stimulated genes (IFI44L, MX1, RSAD2, ISIG15 and IFIT1) and IL-1 beta were performed in whole blood. Time course of infection beginning at symptom onset was grouped into three phases (“early” phase 1: day 1-10, “middle” phase 2: day 11-30 and “late” phase 3: day 31-40). Pulmonary HSV-1 reactivation was exclusively observed in the later phases 2 and 3 in 15 of 18 analyzed patients. By FACS analysis a significant increase in activated CD8 T cells (CD38+HLADR+) in phase 2 was found when compared with phase 1 (p<0.05). Expression of Interferon-stimulated genes (IFI44L, RSAD2 ISIG15, MX1, IFIT1) was significantly lower after HSV-1 detection than before. Taken together, reactivation of HSV-1 in the later phase of SARS-CoV-2- infection occurs in parallel with a drop of antiviral innate responsiveness as shown by decreased expression of Interferon-stimulated genes and a concurrent increase of highly activated CD38+HLADR+ CD8 T cells.