Ethical challenges of precision cancer medicine

• Verfasst von: Winkler, Eva C. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Knoppers, Bartha Maria [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Ethical challenges of precision cancer medicine
• Verf.angabe: Eva Caroline Winkler, Bartha Maria Knoppers
• E-Jahr: 2022
• Jahr: September 2022
• Umfang: 8 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 30.09.2022
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Seminars in cancer biology
• Ort Quelle: London : Academic Press, 1995
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 84(2022), Seite 263-270
• ISSN Quelle: 1096-3650
• DOI: doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.09.009
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: Data privacy
• Sach-SW: genetics
• Sach-SW: genomic medicine
• Sach-SW: health-care
• Sach-SW: incidental findings
• Sach-SW: Informed consent
• Sach-SW: legal
• Sach-SW: personalized medicine
• Sach-SW: policy statement
• Sach-SW: Research ethics
• Sach-SW: research participants
• Sach-SW: return
• Sach-SW: Return of sequence raw data
• Sach-SW: Return of genetic results
• Sach-SW: secondary-findings
• K10plus-PPN: 1817894536

Abstract

Amongst common diseases, cancer is often both a leader in self-regulatory policy, or the field for contentious ethical issues such as the patenting of the BRCA1/2 genes. With the advent of genomic sequencing technologies, achieving precision cancer medicine requires prospective norms due to the large and varied sources of data involved. Here, we discuss the ethical and legal aspects of the policy debate around the relevant topics in pre-cision cancer medicine: the return of incidental findings and sequencing raw data to patients, the communication of genetic results to patients' relatives, privacy and communication risks with concomitant oversight strategies, patient participation and consent models. We present the arguments and empirical data supporting specific policy solutions delineating still contested areas. What type of consent and oversight are required to acquire genomic data or to access it where desired, either by the participant/patient or third-party researchers? Most of the raw sequencing data is still uninterpretable and the variants revealed subject to reinterpretation over time. No doubt the ethical challenges of precision cancer medicine are a prototype of what's to come for other diseases. They are also paradigmatic for regulatory and ethical questions of the translational endeavors since the two worlds - basic science and patient care - are governed by different ethical and legal principles that need to be reconciled in precision cancer medicine.