A quarter century of spectroscopic monitoring of the nearby M dwarf Gl 514

• Verfasst von: Damasso, Mario [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Perger, M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Almenara, J.M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Nardiello, D. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Pérez-Torres, M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Sozzetti, A. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Hara, N.C. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Quirrenbach, Andreas [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bonfils, X. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Osorio, M.R. Zapatero [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Astudillo-Defru, N. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Hernández, J.I. González [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Mascareno, A. Suárez [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Amado, P.J. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Forveille, T. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Lillo-Box, J. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Alibert, Y. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Caballero, J.A. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Cifuentes, C. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Delfosse, X. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Figueira, P. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Galadí-Enríquez, D. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Hatzes, A.P. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Henning, Thomas [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Kaminski, Adrian [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Mayor, M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Murgas, F. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Montes, D. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Pinamonti, M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Reiners, A. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Ribas, I. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Béjar, V.J.S. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Schweitzer, A. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Zechmeister, Mathias [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: A quarter century of spectroscopic monitoring of the nearby M dwarf Gl 514
• Titelzusatz: a super-Earth on an eccentric orbit moving in and out of the habitable zone
• Verf.angabe: M. Damasso, M. Perger, J.M. Almenara, D. Nardiello, M. Pérez-Torres, A. Sozzetti, N.C. Hara, A. Quirrenbach, X. Bonfils, M.R. Zapatero Osorio, N. Astudillo-Defru, J.I. González Hernández, A. Suárez Mascareno, P.J. Amado, T. Forveille, J. Lillo-Box, Y. Alibert, J.A. Caballero, C. Cifuentes, X. Delfosse, P. Figueira, D. Galadí-Enríquez, A.P. Hatzes, Th. Henning, A. Kaminski, M. Mayor, F. Murgas, D. Montes, M. Pinamonti, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, V.J.S. Béjar, A. Schweitzer, and M. Zechmeister
• E-Jahr: 2022
• Jahr: 13 April 2022
• Umfang: 33 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 10.01.2023
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Astronomy and astrophysics
• Ort Quelle: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences, 1969
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 666(2022), Artikel-ID A187, Seite 1-33
• ISSN Quelle: 1432-0746
• DOI: doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243522
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• K10plus-PPN: 1830653458

Abstract

<i>Context.<i/> Statistical analyses based on <i>Kepler<i/> data show that most of the early-type M dwarfs host multi-planet systems consisting of Earth- to sub-Neptune-sized planets with orbital periods of up to ~250 days, and that at least one such planet is likely located within the habitable zone. M dwarfs are therefore primary targets to search for potentially habitable planets in the solar neighbourhood.<i>Aims.<i/> We investigated the presence of planetary companions around the nearby (7.6 pc) and bright (<i>V<i/> = 9 mag) early-type M dwarf Gl 514, analysing 540 radial velocities collected over nearly 25 yr with the HIRES, HARPS, and CARMENES spectrographs.<i>Methods.<i/> The data are affected by time-correlated signals at the level of 2-3 m s<sup>−1<sup/> due to stellar activity, which we filtered out, testing three different models based on Gaussian process regression. As a sanity cross-check, we repeated the analyses using HARPS radial velocities extracted with three different algorithms. We used HIRES radial velocities and <i>Hipparcos-Gaia<i/> astrometry to put constraints on the presence of long-period companions, and we analysed TESS photometric data.<i>Results.<i/> We find strong evidence that Gl 514 hosts a super-Earth on a likely eccentric orbit, residing in the conservative habitable zone for nearly 34% of its orbital period. The planet Gl 514b has minimum mass <i>m<i/><sub>b<sub/> sin <i>i<i/><sub>b<sub/> = 5.2 ± 0.9 <i>M<i/><sub>⊕<sub/>, orbital period <i>P<i/><sub>b<sub/> = 140.43 ± 0.41 days, and eccentricity <i>e<i/><sub>b<sub/> = 0.45<sub>−0.14<sub/><sup>+0.15<sup/>. No evidence for transits is found in the TESS light curve. There is no evidence for a longer period companion in the radial velocities and, based on astrometry, we can rule out a ~0.2 <i>M<i/><sub>Jup<sub/> planet at a distance of ~3-10 astronomical units, and massive giant planets and brown dwarfs out to several tens of astronomical units. We discuss the possible presence of a second low-mass companion at a shorter distance from the host than Gl 514 b.<i>Conclusions.<i/> Gl 514 b represents an interesting science case for studying the habitability of planets on eccentric orbits. We advocate for additional spectroscopic follow-up to get more accurate and precise planetary parameters. Further follow-up is also needed to investigate the presence of additional planetary signals of less than 1 m s<sup>−1<sup/>.