Early social adversity, altered brain functional connectivity, and mental health

• Verfasst von: Holz, Nathalie E. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Berhe, Oksana [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Sacu, Seda [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Schwarz, Emanuel [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Tesarz, Jonas [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Heim, Christine M. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Tost, Heike [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Early social adversity, altered brain functional connectivity, and mental health
• Verf.angabe: Nathalie E. Holz, Oksana Berhe, Seda Sacu, Emanuel Schwarz, Jonas Tesarz, Christine M. Heim, and Heike Tost
• E-Jahr: 2023
• Jahr: 1 March 2023
• Umfang: 12 S.
• Fussnoten: Online verfügbar 9 November 2022, Artikelversion 30 Januar 2023 ; Gesehen am 22.03.2023
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Biological psychiatry
• Ort Quelle: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier Science, 1985
• Jahr Quelle: 2023
• Band/Heft Quelle: 93(2023), 5 vom: März, Seite 430-441
• ISSN Quelle: 1873-2402
• DOI: doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.10.019
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: Biomarker
• Sach-SW: Brain development
• Sach-SW: Early adversity
• Sach-SW: Functional connectivity
• Sach-SW: Neurobiology
• Sach-SW: Stress
• K10plus-PPN: 183978007X

Abstract

Early adverse environmental exposures during brain development are widespread risk factors for the onset of severe mental disorders and strong and consistent predictors of stress-related mental and physical illness and reduced life expectancy. Current evidence suggests that early negative experiences alter plasticity processes during developmentally sensitive time windows and affect the regular functional interaction of cortical and subcortical neural networks. This, in turn, may promote a maladapted development with negative consequences on the mental and physical health of exposed individuals. In this review, we discuss the role of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based functional connectivity phenotypes as potential biomarker candidates for the consequences of early environmental exposures—including but not limited to—childhood maltreatment. We take an expanded concept of developmentally relevant adverse experiences from infancy over childhood to adolescence as our starting point and focus our review of functional connectivity studies on a selected subset of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based phenotypes, including connectivity in the limbic and within the frontoparietal as well as default mode networks, for which we believe there is sufficient converging evidence for a more detailed discussion in a developmental context. Furthermore, we address specific methodological challenges and current knowledge gaps that complicate the interpretation of early stress effects on functional connectivity and deserve particular attention in future studies. Finally, we highlight the forthcoming prospects and challenges of this research area with regard to establishing functional connectivity measures as validated biomarkers for brain developmental processes and individual risk stratification and as target phenotypes for mechanism-based interventions.