Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Verfasst von: Pan, Pei-Yin [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Jonsson, Ulf [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Çakmak, Sabriye Selin Şahpazoğlu [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Häge, Alexander [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Hohmann, Sarah [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Norrman, Hjalmar Nobel [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Buitelaar, Jan K. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Banaschewski, Tobias [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Cortese, Samuele [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Coghill, David [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bölte, Sven [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Headache in ADHD as comorbidity and a side effect of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis
• Verf.angabe: Pei-Yin Pan, Ulf Jonsson, Sabriye Selin Şahpazoğlu Çakmak, Alexander Häge, Sarah Hohmann, Hjalmar Nobel Norrman, Jan K. Buitelaar, Tobias Banaschewski, Samuele Cortese, David Coghill and Sven Bölte
• Jahr: 2022
• Umfang: 12 S.
• Fussnoten: First published online: 12 October 2021 ; Gesehen am 25.05.2023
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Psychological medicine
• Ort Quelle: Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1970
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 52(2022), 1, Seite 14-25
• ISSN Quelle: 1469-8978
• DOI: doi:10.1017/S0033291721004141
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: ADHD medication
• Sach-SW: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Sach-SW: headache
• Sach-SW: meta-analysis
• Sach-SW: systematic review
• K10plus-PPN: 1846225736

Abstract

There is mixed evidence on the association between headache and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as headache and ADHD medications. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the co-occurrence of headache in children with ADHD, and the effects of ADHD medications on headache. Embase, Medline and PsycInfo were searched for population-based and clinical studies comparing the prevalence of headache in ADHD and controls through January 26, 2021. In addition, we updated the search of a previous systematic review and network meta-analysis of double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ADHD medications on June 16, 2020. Trials of amphetamines, atomoxetine, bupropion, clonidine, guanfacine, methylphenidate, and modafinil with a placebo arm and reporting data on headache as an adverse event, were included. Thirteen epidemiological studies and 58 clinical trials were eligible for inclusion. In epidemiological studies, a significant association between headache and ADHD was found [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.63-2.46], which remained significant when limited to studies reporting ORs adjusted for possible confounders. The pooled prevalence of headaches in children with ADHD was 26.6%. In RCTs, three ADHD medications were associated with increased headache during treatment periods, compared to placebo: atomoxetine (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.56), guanfacine (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.12-1.82), and methylphenidate (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.63). The summarized evidence suggests that headache is common in children with ADHD, both as part of the clinical presentation as such and as a side effect of some standard medications. Monitoring and clinical management strategies of headache in ADHD, in general, and during pharmacological treatment are recommended.