Critical appraisal of large vitamin D randomized controlled trials

• Verfasst von: Pilz, Stefan [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Trummer, Christian [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Theiler-Schwetz, Verena [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Grübler, Martin R. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Verheyen, Nicolas [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Odler, Balazs [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Karras, Spyridon N. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Zittermann, Armin [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: März, Winfried [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Critical appraisal of large vitamin D randomized controlled trials
• Verf.angabe: Stefan Pilz, Christian Trummer, Verena Theiler-Schwetz, Martin R. Grübler, Nicolas D. Verheyen, Balazs Odler, Spyridon N. Karras, Armin Zittermann and Winfried März
• E-Jahr: 2022
• Jahr: 12 January 2022
• Umfang: 14 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 30.05.2023
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Nutrients
• Ort Quelle: Basel : MDPI, 2009
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 14(2022), 2, Artikel-ID 303, Seite 1-14
• ISSN Quelle: 2072-6643
• DOI: doi:10.3390/nu14020303
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: cholecalciferol
• Sach-SW: clinical trial
• Sach-SW: epidemiology
• Sach-SW: infections
• Sach-SW: mortality
• Sach-SW: randomized controlled trial
• Sach-SW: RCT
• Sach-SW: supplementation
• Sach-SW: vitamin D
• K10plus-PPN: 1846948193

Abstract

As a consequence of epidemiological studies showing significant associations of vitamin D deficiency with a variety of adverse extra-skeletal clinical outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and mortality, large vitamin D randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been designed and conducted over the last few years. The vast majority of these trials did not restrict their study populations to individuals with vitamin D deficiency, and some even allowed moderate vitamin D supplementation in the placebo groups. In these RCTs, there were no significant effects on the primary outcomes, including cancer, cardiovascular events, and mortality, but explorative outcome analyses and meta-analyses revealed indications for potential benefits such as reductions in cancer mortality or acute respiratory infections. Importantly, data from RCTs with relatively high doses of vitamin D supplementation did, by the vast majority, not show significant safety issues, except for trials in critically or severely ill patients or in those using very high intermittent vitamin D doses. The recent large vitamin D RCTs did not challenge the beneficial effects of vitamin D regarding rickets and osteomalacia, that therefore continue to provide the scientific basis for nutritional vitamin D guidelines and recommendations. There remains a great need to evaluate the effects of vitamin D treatment in populations with vitamin D deficiency or certain characteristics suggesting a high sensitivity to treatment. Outcomes and limitations of recently published large vitamin D RCTs must inform the design of future vitamin D or nutrition trials that should use more personalized approaches.