Incidental radiological findings

• Titel: Incidental radiological findings
• Mitwirkende: Weckbach, Sabine [HerausgeberIn]
• Verf.angabe: Sabine Weckbach, editor
• Verlagsort: Cham
• Verlag: Springer
• E-Jahr: 2017
• Jahr: [2017]
• Umfang: 1 Online-Ressource (ix, 209 Seiten)
• Illustrationen: Illustrationen
• Gesamttitel/Reihe: Medical radiology - diagnostic imaging
• ISBN: 978-3-319-42581-8
• Schlagwörter: (s)Radiologische Diagnostik / (s)Befund / (s)Zufall
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Bibliogr. Hinweis: Erscheint auch als : Druck-Ausgabe: Incidental radiological findings. - [Cham] : Springer, 2017. - ix, 209 Seiten
• Sach-SW: Electronic books
• K10plus-PPN: 1004529635
• K10plus-PPN:
  Universitätsbibliothek
• Lokale URL UB: Zum Volltext
• Lokale URL UB: Bibliothek der Medizinischen Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg
• Bibliothek/Idn: UW / m4353795848
• Lokale URL Inst.: Zum Volltext

Abstract

Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction -- Incidental Findings: Definition of the Concept -- 1 Incidental Findings in a Broad Sense -- 2 Incidental Findings in a Narrow Sense -- 3 Incidental Finding or Signal Abnormality? -- 4 The Differing Indicative Dignity of Incidental Findings -- 5 The Context of the Occurrence of Incidental Findings -- References -- Incidental Findings - Ethical Aspects -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Frequency of Occurrence -- 1.2 Typical Fields of Ethical Challenges -- 1.3 Potential Outcome Resulting from the Question "Who Should Interpret the Images?" -- 1.4 Disclosure and Non-disclosure of IFs in the Research Context and Communication of Suspicious Findings in the Clinical Context -- 1.5 Positive and Negative Effects That May Arise from Decision About Which IFs Will Be Disclosed -- 1.6 The Approach to Disclosing IFs and Possible Consequences -- 2 Ethical Prerequisites and Principles -- 3 Recommendations -- 3.1 Disclosure Algorithms -- 3.2 Disclosure or Non-disclosure of IFs in the Research Context or the Communication of Suspicious Findings in the Clinical Context -- 3.3 Who Should Interpret the Images and Decide About the Disclosure of IFs? -- 3.4 Informing About the Handling of IFs/Consent Processes -- 3.5 Designing a Study Protocol in Research -- 4 Final Considerations -- References -- Medicolegal Aspects and Informed Consent -- 1 Frequency Engenders a Dilemma -- 2 Standard of Care -- 3 Defending an Ignored Incidentaloma in the American Courtroom -- 4 Medicolegal Duties of Researchers When Scanning Healthy Volunteers -- 5 Cascade of Unnecessary Imaging, Exposure to Radiation, and Informed Consent -- 6 Informed Consent -- 7 Conclusion: Incidentalomas and the Medicolegal Environment, 2016 -- 8 Author's Advice -- References -- Part II: IFs in Population Based Imaging/Research Setting

Abstract

Technical Prerequisites of Population-Based Imaging -- 1 General Requirements -- 2 Imaging Modalities -- 2.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 2.2 Computed Tomography -- 2.3 Ultrasound -- 3 Data Storage and Data Distribution -- 4 Data Post-processing and Data Analysis -- Literature -- Part III: Handling/Management of IFs in Different Countries/Population Based Studies -- Management of Incidental Findings in the Study of Health in Pomerania -- 1 The Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP): Cohort Description -- 2 Description of the Whole-­Body MRI Implementation in SHIP -- 3 Informed Consent in SHIP and Perception of the Study -- 4 Assessment and Handling of Incidental Findings in SHIP -- 5 Distribution of Incidental Findings in SHIP -- 6 Impact of Incidental Findings: Empirical Evidence from SHIP -- References -- Management of Incidental Findings in the German National Cohort -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ethical Framework for IF-Reporting -- 3 Defining Problems in IF-Reporting -- 3.1 Scientific Imaging Sequences -- 3.2 Limited Clinical Context -- 3.3 Disproportionate Increase of False Positives -- 3.4 Uncertainty Causing Out-of- Proportion Work-Up -- 3.5 Reliability, Reproducibility, and Consistency -- 4 Translating the Ethical Framework into a Reporting Algorithm -- 4.1 The List: An Approach to Define Clinically Relevant IFs -- 4.1.1 Separation into Acutely and Non-acutely Relevant IFs -- 4.1.2 Unlisted IFs -- 4.2 Technical Translation -- 4.2.1 Mode and Time Frame of IF-Reporting -- 4.2.2 Data Processing -- 4.3 Training and Certification of Radiologists -- 4.4 Quality Assurance -- 5 Summary -- References -- Management of Incidental Findings on Multimodal Imaging in UK Biobank -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 UK Biobank -- 1.2 The UK Biobank Imaging Study -- 2 UK Biobank IF Protocol -- 2.1 Development of the UK Biobank IF Protocol

Abstract

2.2 Consent Processes -- 2.3 Identification of IF -- 2.4 Feedback of IF -- 3 Evaluation of the Impact of the UK Biobank IF Protocol -- 3.1 Evaluating Participants' Understanding of Consent -- 3.2 Comparing the UK Biobank IF Protocol with Full Review of Images by Radiologists -- 3.3 Qualitative Work -- 3.4 Ongoing Evaluation -- 4 Summary -- References -- Management of Incidental Findings on Neuroimaging in the Rotterdam Study -- 1 Setup of the Rotterdam Study -- 2 Neuroimaging in the Rotterdam Study -- 3 Hardware and Imaging Protocol -- 4 Protocol for Detection and Management of Incidental Findings -- 5 Review of Scans for Incidental Findings -- 6 Frequencies of Incidental Findings on Brain MRI in the Rotterdam Study -- 7 Feedback of Incidental Findings to Participants -- 8 Follow-Up of Incidental Findings on Brain MRI -- 9 Participants' Expectations and Experience -- References -- Incidental Findings in a Population Based Study Using Cardiac CT: Experience from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) -- 1 Significant Alerts -- References -- Incidental Findings and Their Handling in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Computed Tomography Imaging -- 2.1 Preparation of Subjects -- 2.2 CT Examination -- 2.2.1 Lung Images -- 2.2.2 Cardiac Imaging: Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) -- 3 Pulmonary Nodules -- 3.1 Guidelines for Follow-Up of Pulmonary Nodules -- 3.2 Handling of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules in the Pilot Trial -- 3.3 Handling of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules in the Main Trial -- 4 Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Stenosis -- 4.1 Guidelines for Follow-Up of Coronary Artery Stenosis -- 4.2 Challenges with Coronary Calcifications -- 4.3 Handling of Asymptomatic Coronary Stenosis in the Pilot Trial and in the Main Trial -- 5 Ethics

Abstract

6 Summary -- References -- Part IV: Differences Between IF in Population Based Imaging and Patients -- Management of Incidental Findings in Patients -- 1 Pulmonary Incidental Findings -- 1.1 Small Pulmonary Nodules -- 1.2 Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules -- 1.3 Pulmonary Perifissural Nodules -- 2 Abdominal Incidental Findings -- 2.1 Cystic Renal Mass -- 2.2 Liver Mass -- 2.3 Adrenal Mass -- 2.4 Adnexal Findings -- 2.4.1 Adnexal Cysts in Premenopausal Women -- 2.4.2 Adnexal Cysts in Postmenopausal Women -- 3 Summary -- References -- Classification of Incidental Findings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Classification of Incidental Findings in a Research Setting -- 3 Classification of Incidental Findings in a Clinical Setting -- References -- Incidental Findings on Abdominal CT -- 1 Misunderstandings About Incidental Findings/Incidentalomas -- 2 How Common Are Incidental Findings on CT of the Abdomen? -- 2.1 Abdominal CT -- 2.2 CT Colonography -- 3 How Extensively Should We Look for Incidental Findings on Abdominal CT? -- 4 Technical Factors Affecting the Detection and Characterization of Incidental Findings on Abdominal CT -- 5 Kidneys -- 5.1 Solid Renal Tumors -- 5.2 Benign Renal Lesions -- 5.3 Small Lesions -- 5.4 Cystic Renal Lesions -- 5.5 Simple Cysts -- 5.6 Complex Cysts -- 5.7 Bosniak Classification -- 5.8 Renal Calcifications -- 5.9 False-Positive Renal Masses -- 5.10 Renal Size -- 5.11 Normal Variants and Malformations -- 5.12 Hydronephrosis -- 6 Urinary Bladder and Upper Urinary Tract Tumors -- 7 Adrenals -- 7.1 Shape and Size of Adrenals -- 7.2 Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas -- 7.3 Patients with a History of Extra-Adrenal Malignancy -- 7.4 Young Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma -- 8 Liver -- 8.1 Cystic Lesions -- 8.2 Hemangioma -- 8.3 Non-cystic Benign Liver Lesions

Abstract

8.4 Approach to an Incidental Liver Mass Detected on CT -- 8.5 Steatosis -- 9 Gallbladder and Biliary Tree -- 10 Spleen -- 11 Lymph Nodes -- 12 Pancreas -- 12.1 Solid Tumors -- 12.2 Cystic Lesions -- 13 Gastrointestinal Tract -- 13.1 Stomach -- 13.2 Small Bowel -- 13.3 Large Bowel -- 13.4 Appendix -- 14 Vascular Structures -- 15 Adnexal and Uterine Lesions (Not Including Incidental Lesions in Children or Pregnant Women) -- 15.1 Adnexal cysts and teratomas -- 15.2 Uterus -- 16 Prostate -- 17 Skeletal Lesions -- 18 To What Extent Are Incidental Findings Reported? -- 19 Why Do Radiologists Report or Not Report Incidental Findings? -- 20 Do the Patients Want to Know About Incidental Findings? -- 21 Who Should Decide Which Information to Convey to the Referring Physician and to the Patient? -- 22 Potential Impact of e-Medicine -- References -- Incidental Findings in 18F-FDG PET/CT and PET/MR -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Incidental Tracer Uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT -- 2.1 Head and Neck -- 2.1.1 Salivary Glands and Waldeyer's Ring -- 2.1.2 Thyroid -- 2.1.3 Larynx -- 2.2 Thorax -- 2.2.1 Lung -- 2.2.2 Thymus -- 2.2.3 Heart -- 2.2.4 Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Junction -- 2.3 Abdomen -- 2.3.1 Stomach and Bowel -- 2.3.2 Urinary Tract -- 2.4 Small Pelvis -- 2.4.1 Female Patients: Uterus and Ovaries -- 2.4.2 Male Patients: Prostate and Testes -- 2.5 Bone -- 2.6 Inflammatory Lesions and Immunological Responses -- 2.7 Miscellaneous -- 2.7.1 Skin and Subcutaneous Fat -- 2.7.2 Brown Adipose Tissue -- 2.7.3 Breast -- 3 Non-18F-FDG Avid Incidental Findings in PET/CT -- 3.1 Lung Nodules -- 3.2 Liver Lesions -- 3.3 Adrenal Lesions -- 4 Incidental Findings in PET/MR: Differences in Comparison to PET/CT -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 PET/MR Protocols: Basic Principles -- 4.3 Advantages of 18F-FDG PET/MR in Comparison to PET/CT

Abstract

4.3.1 Liver