Booster dose of mRNA vaccine augments waning T cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2

• Verfasst von: Özbay Kurt, Feyza Gül [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Lepper, Alisa [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Gerhards, Catharina [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Römer, Mathis [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Lasser, Samantha [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Arkhypov, Ihor [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Weber, Rebekka [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bugert, Peter [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Altevogt, Peter [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Gouttefangeas, Cécile [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Neumaier, Michael [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Utikal, Jochen [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Umansky, Viktor [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Booster dose of mRNA vaccine augments waning T cell and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2
• Verf.angabe: Feyza Gül Özbay Kurt, Alisa Lepper, Catharina Gerhards, Mathis Roemer, Samantha Lasser, Ihor Arkhypov, Rebekka Bitsch, Peter Bugert, Peter Altevogt, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Michael Neumaier, Jochen Utikal and Viktor Umansky
• E-Jahr: 2022
• Jahr: 12 October 2022
• Umfang: 13 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 14.08.2023
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Frontiers in immunology
• Ort Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Media, 2010
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 13(2022) vom: Okt., Artikel-ID 1012526, Seite 1-13
• ISSN Quelle: 1664-3224
• DOI: doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012526
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• K10plus-PPN: 1856128849

Abstract

A gradual decay in humoral and cellular immune responses over time upon SAR1S-CoV-2 vaccination may cause a lack of protective immunity. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of antibodies, T cells, and monocytes in 25 participants vaccinated with mRNA or ChAdOx1-S up to 12 weeks after the 3rd (booster) dose with mRNA vaccine. We observed a substantial increase in antibodies and CD8 T cells specific for the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. Moreover, vaccination induced activated T cells expressing CD69, CD137 and producing IFN-γ and TNF-α. Virus-specific CD8 T cells showed predominantly memory phenotype. Although the level of antibodies and frequency of virus-specific T cells reduced 4-6 months after the 2nd dose, they were augmented after the 3rd dose followed by a decrease later. Importantly, T cells generated after the 3rd vaccination were also reactive against Omicron variant, indicated by a similar level of IFN-γ production after stimulation with Omicron peptides. Breakthrough infection in participants vaccinated with two doses induced more SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells than the booster vaccination. We found an upregulation of PD-L1 expression on monocytes but no accumulation of myeloid cells with MDSC-like immunosuppressive phenotype after the vaccination. Our results indicate that the 3rd vaccination fosters antibody and T cell immune response independently from vaccine type used for the first two injections. However, such immune response is attenuated over time, suggesting thereby the need for further vaccinations.