Cognitive biases as an adaptive strategy in autism and schizophrenia spectrum

• Verfasst von: Rządeczka, Marcin [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Wodziński, Maciej [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Moskalewicz, Marcin [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Cognitive biases as an adaptive strategy in autism and schizophrenia spectrum
• Titelzusatz: the compensation perspective on neurodiversity
• Verf.angabe: Marcin Rządeczka, Maciej Wodziński and Marcin Moskalewicz
• E-Jahr: 2023
• Jahr: 04 December 2023
• Umfang: 11 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 06.03.2024
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Frontiers in psychiatry
• Ort Quelle: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2007
• Jahr Quelle: 2023
• Band/Heft Quelle: 14(2023) vom: Dez., Artikel-ID 1291854, Seite 1-11
• ISSN Quelle: 1664-0640
• DOI: doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1291854
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: Autism Spectrum
• Sach-SW: cognitive biases
• Sach-SW: Computational Psychiatry
• Sach-SW: Diametrical Model of Autism and Psychosis
• Sach-SW: evolutionary psychiatry
• Sach-SW: neurodiversity
• Sach-SW: Schizophrenia spectrum
• Sach-SW: temporal experience
• K10plus-PPN: 1882607244

Abstract

This article presents a novel theoretical perspective on the role of cognitive biases within the autism and schizophrenia spectrum by integrating the evolutionary and computational approaches. Against the background of neurodiversity, cognitive biases are presented as primary adaptive strategies, while the compensation of their shortcomings is a potential cognitive advantage. The article delineates how certain subtypes of autism represent a unique cognitive strategy to manage cognitive biases at the expense of rapid and frugal heuristics. In contrast, certain subtypes of schizophrenia emerge as distinctive cognitive strategies devised to navigate social interactions, albeit with a propensity for overdetecting intentional behaviors. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes that while extreme manifestations might appear non-functional, they are merely endpoints of a broader, primarily functional spectrum of cognitive strategies. The central argument hinges on the premise that cognitive biases in both autism and schizophrenia spectrums serve as compensatory mechanisms tailored for specific ecological niches.