Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in COVID-19 Recovered Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Related to Post-COVID-Syndrome

• Verfasst von: Gerhards, Catharina [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Kittel, Maximilian [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Ast, Volker [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bugert, Peter [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Froelich, Matthias F. [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Hetjens, Michael [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Haselmann, Verena [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Neumaier, Michael [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Thiaucourt, Margot [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Humoral SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response in COVID-19 Recovered Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals Related to Post-COVID-Syndrome
• Verf.angabe: Catharina Gerhards, Maximilian Kittel, Volker Ast, Peter Bugert, Matthias F. Froelich, Michael Hetjens, Verena Haselmann, Michael Neumaier and Margot Thiaucourt
• E-Jahr: 2023
• Jahr: 6 February 2023
• Umfang: 18 S.
• Illustrationen: Illustrationen
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 23.07.2024
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Viruses
• Ort Quelle: Basel : MDPI, 2009
• Jahr Quelle: 2023
• Band/Heft Quelle: 15(2023), 2, Artikel-ID 454, Seite 1-18
• ISSN Quelle: 1999-4915
• DOI: doi:10.3390/v15020454
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
• Sach-SW: antibody dynamics
• Sach-SW: antibody kinetics
• Sach-SW: longitudinal assessment
• Sach-SW: post-COVID syndrome
• Sach-SW: post-vaccination boosting
• Sach-SW: serological immune response
• K10plus-PPN: 1896060552

Abstract

Background: The duration of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody detectability up to 12 months was examined in individuals after either single convalescence or convalescence and vaccination. Moreover, variables that might influence an anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline and the existence of a post-COVID-syndrome (PCS) were addressed. Methods: Forty-nine SARS-CoV-2-qRT-PCR-confirmed participants completed a 12-month examination of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels and PCS-associated long-term sequelae. Overall, 324 samples were collected. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was isolated and quantified from EDTA-plasma. As cfDNA is released into the bloodstream from dying cells, it might provide information on organ damage in the late recovery of COIVD-19. Therefore, we evaluated cfDNA concentrations as a biomarker for a PCS. In the context of antibody dynamics, a random forest-based logistic regression with antibody decline as the target was performed and internally validated. Results: The mean percentage dynamic related to the maximum measured value was 96 (±38)% for anti-RBD/S1 antibodies and 30 (±26)% for anti-N antibodies. Anti-RBD/S1 antibodies decreased in 37%, whereas anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies decreased in 86% of the subjects. Clinical anti-RBD/S1 antibody decline prediction models, including vascular and other diseases, were cross-validated (highest AUC 0.74). Long-term follow-up revealed no significant reduction in PCS prevalence but an increase in cognitive impairment, with no indication for cfDNA as a marker for a PCS. Conclusion: Long-term anti-RBD/S1-antibody positivity was confirmed, and clinical parameters associated with declining titers were presented. A fulminant decrease in anti-SARS-CoV-2-anti-N antibodies was observed (mean change to maximum value 30 (±26)%). Anti-RBD/S1 antibody titers of SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects boosted with a vaccine exceeded the maximum values measured after single infection by 235 ± 382-fold, with no influence on preexisting PCS. PCS long-term prevalence was 38.6%, with an increase in cognitive impairment compromising the quality of life. Quantified cfDNA measured in the early post-COVID-19 phase might not be an effective marker for PCS identification.