A partner's smile is not per se a safety signal

• Verfasst von: Morato, Cristina [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Guerra, Pedro [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Bublatzky, Florian [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: A partner's smile is not per se a safety signal
• Titelzusatz: psychophysiological response patterns to instructed threat and safety
• Verf.angabe: Cristina Morato, Pedro Guerra, Florian Bublatzky
• E-Jahr: 2023
• Jahr: June 2023
• Umfang: 14 S.
• Illustrationen: Illustrationen
• Fussnoten: Online veröffentlicht: 22. Februar 2023 ; Gesehen am 21.08.2024
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Psychophysiology
• Ort Quelle: Malden, Mass. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell, 1964
• Jahr Quelle: 2023
• Band/Heft Quelle: 60(2023), 6, Artikel-ID e14273, Seite 1-14
• ISSN Quelle: 1469-8986
• ISSN Quelle: 1540-5958
• DOI: doi:10.1111/psyp.14273
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: aversive learning
• Sach-SW: facial expression
• Sach-SW: romantic partner
• Sach-SW: startle reflex
• Sach-SW: threat-of-shock
• K10plus-PPN: 1899295100

Abstract

Recent studies on fear conditioning and pain perception suggest that pictures of loved ones (e.g., a romantic partner) may serve as a prepared safety cue that is less likely to signal aversive events. Challenging this view, we examined whether pictures of smiling or angry loved ones are better safety or threat cues. To this end, 47 healthy participants were verbally instructed that specific facial expressions (e.g., happy faces) cue threat of electric shocks and others cue safety (e.g., angry faces). When facial images served as threat cues, they elicited distinct psychophysiological defensive responses (e.g., increased threat ratings, startle reflex, and skin conductance responses) compared to viewing safety cues. Interestingly, instructed threat effects occurred regardless of the person who cued shock threat (partner vs. unknown) and their facial expression (happy vs. angry). Taken together, these results demonstrate the flexible nature of facial information (i.e., facial expression and facial identity) to be easily learned as signals for threat or safety, even when showing loved ones.