Engineering the next-generation of CAR T-cells with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing

• Verfasst von: Dimitri, Alexander [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Herbst, Friederike [VerfasserIn]
• Verfasst von: Fraietta, Joseph A. [VerfasserIn]
• Titel: Engineering the next-generation of CAR T-cells with CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing
• Verf.angabe: Alexander Dimitri, Friederike Herbst and Joseph A. Fraietta
• E-Jahr: 2022
• Jahr: 18 March 2022
• Umfang: 13 S.
• Fussnoten: Gesehen am 12.05.2022
• Titel Quelle: Enthalten in: Molecular cancer
• Ort Quelle: London : Biomed Central, 2002
• Jahr Quelle: 2022
• Band/Heft Quelle: 21(2022), Artikel-ID 78, Seite 1-13
• ISSN Quelle: 1476-4598
• DOI: doi:10.1186/s12943-022-01559-z
• Datenträger: Online-Ressource
• Sprache: eng
• Sach-SW: Cancer
• Sach-SW: CAR T-cell
• Sach-SW: CRISPR
• Sach-SW: Gene editing
• Sach-SW: Immunotherapy
• K10plus-PPN: 1801668701

Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a breakthrough in personalized cancer therapy. In this strategy, synthetic receptors comprised of antigen recognition, signaling, and costimulatory domains are used to reprogram T-cells to target tumor cells for destruction. Despite the success of this approach in refractory B-cell malignancies, optimal potency of CAR T-cell therapy for many other cancers, particularly solid tumors, has not been achieved. Factors such as T-cell exhaustion, lack of CAR T-cell persistence, cytokine-related toxicities, and bottlenecks in the manufacturing of autologous products have hampered the safety, effectiveness, and availability of this approach. With the ease and accessibility of CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, it is possible to address many of these limitations. Accordingly, current research efforts focus on precision engineering of CAR T-cells with conventional CRISPR-Cas9 systems or novel editors that can install desired genetic changes with or without introduction of a double-stranded break (DSB) into the genome. These tools and strategies can be directly applied to targeting negative regulators of T-cell function, directing therapeutic transgenes to specific genomic loci, and generating reproducibly safe and potent allogeneic universal CAR T-cell products for on-demand cancer immunotherapy. This review evaluates several of the ongoing and future directions of combining next-generation CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing with synthetic biology to optimize CAR T-cell therapy for future clinical trials toward the establishment of a new cancer treatment paradigm.